Indice


Tiempos verbales - Tenses


Present Simple

Para cosas que haces habitualmente o siempre pasan
Adverbios típicos: often, usually, never, hardly ever, always, every day, twice a day
Ojo doble negación. No usar negación con adverbio negativo. I don't never


Present
Negative
Question

I work
I don’t work
Do I work?

You
You
you
works
studies
finishes
goes/does
has










He works
He doesn’t work
Does he work?
She
She
she
It
It
it











We work
We don’t work
Do we work?

You
You
you

They
They
they

Pronoun verb
Pron aux (do) verb
aux (do) pron verb



Present Continuous

Cosas que suceden ahora o cosas temporales que están sucediendo ahora
No para hechos habituales -> Presente Simple
Si para cosas que están sucediendo en este momento
Pistas: In this moment

Contract
Present
Negative
Question
I’m
I
am working
I
am not working
Am
I working?
You’re
You
are
You
are not
aren’t

Are
you
















He’s
He
is working
He
is not
isn’t
working
Is
he working?
She’s
She

She


she
It’s
It

It


it
















We’re
We
are working
We
are not
aren’t
working
Are
we working?
You’re
You

You


you
They’re
They

They


they


Pron
be verb+ing
Pron
to be neg verb+ing
be
pron verb+ing



Past Simple

Acciones pasadas ya finalizadas ( no ahora o hechos que puedan continuar, ya que sería Present perfect).

    Regulares   + ed
    conconsante + y    = ied = studdies
    cons+vocal  + cons = ped = stopped
Present
Negative
Question
I
worked
I didn’t
did not

work
Did I
work?
You

You

you








He

He

he
She

She

she
It

It

it








We

We

we
You

You

you
They

They

they
Pron
past verb
Pron aux (did)
inf verb
Aux (did) pron
inf verb



Past Continuous

Para describir acciones que estaban sucediendo en el pasado.
Suele usarse en situaciones al principio de una historia pasada.
Es típico usar al pasado continuo y luego seguir con pasado simple. Ej: when I was driving a tire exploded.

Present
Negative
Question
I
was working
I
wasn’t
was not

working
Was
I
working?
You
were
You
weren’t
were not


Were
you
















He
was working
He
wasn’t
was not

working
Was
he
working?
She

She



she
It

It



it
















We
were working
We
weren’t
were not

working
Were
we
working?
You

You



you
They

They



they
Pron
past to be
was/were
verb+ing
Pron
past to be neg
verb+ing
past to be
was/were

pron
verb+ing



Present Perfect (Sujeto + have/has + (verbo participio / 3rd column / verb+ed)

Pasado reciente sin especificar exactamente cuando. Si especifica es pasado simple
Se usa normalmente para anunciar cosas (Mary's had her baby!)
Para acciones que empezaron en el pasado y continuan en el presente.
Si hablas de alguien fallecido usarás pasado simple.
Si ves since+fecha o for+tiempo/duración, suele ser Present Perfect.

    Present perfect with:

        for + period = actions and states wich started in the past and are still true now.
            I've lived in BCN for twenty years (vine hace y sigo viviendo)
                              for two weeks, for ten years, for a long time...

        since + beginning of a period of time (remember that in Present Perfect still continue)
                since 1980, since last June...

Usarás frecuentemente con Present perfect:
    yet   + y ?     (No ha sucedido)        I haven't finished yet.   Have you finished yet?
    just    +       (Muy reciente)          I have just started...
    already +       (Antes de lo esperado)  I've already buyed

Jack was married for ten years (Pasado , ya no está casado)
Jack has been married for ten years (Lleva casado 10 años)

Contract
Present
Negative
Question
I’ve
I
have worked
eaten

I
haven’t
have not
worked
eaten

have
I worked?
eaten?
You’ve
You

You


you














He’s
He
has worked
He
hasn’t
have not
worked
Has
he worked?
She’s
She

She


she
It’s
It

It


it
















We’ve
We
have worked
We
haven’t
have not
worked
Have
we worked?
You’ve
You

You


you
They’ve
They

They


they


Pron
have
has (3rd)
verb(part.)
3rd col.

Pron
have not
has not (3rd)
verb(part.)
3rd col.

Have
Has (3rd)

pron verb(part.)
3rd col.



Have got (Manera británica opcional)

Se utiliza para:

Indicar posesiones en presente (Similar a Present Perfect en forma pero uso como Present Simple
No se usa en pasado, para lo cual se usaría had (Past Simple)

    I have a bike      = I've got a bike
    Do you have a car? = Have you got a car?

Para hablar de familia, enfermedades (illnesses) y describir gente

    He's got a cold
    I've got two sisters
    She's got long brown hair

Used to (solía)

Algo que hacías habitualmente en el pasado pero ya no.

Present
Negative
Question
Subject
pron.
+ used to + infinitive
verb

Subject
pron.
+ didn’t use to + infinitive
verb

Did + subject
pron.
+ use to + infinitive
verb?



Futuro (be + going to + inf) (Plans & Prediction)

Para planes futuros o intenciones
Predicciones de algo que casi seguro va a suceder

    I'm going to work for an NGO.
    Look at that car! It's going to crash.
Present
Negative
Question
I
'm
going to
work
I
'm not
going to
work
Am
I
going to
work?
You
are


You
're not


Are
you
























He
is
going to
work
He
isn’t
is not

going to
work
He
is
going to
work?
She



She



She


It



It



It

























We
are
going to
work
We
aren’t
are not

going to
work
We
are
going to
work?
You



You



You


They



They



They


Pron
be
going to
infinitive verb
Pron
be + negative
going to
infinitive verb
be
pron
going to
infinitive verb

Present Continuous for Future Arrangements

Planes futuros en un tiempo fijo planeado
Se puede usar igual going to pero es más típico Present Continuous con:

I'm seeing friend tonight
I'm leaving on Monday


Will / Won't (Prediction, instant decission, offers and promises)

Predicciones: Cosas que pensamos o adivinamos sobre el futuro (suele ir con think)
Si es algo seguro o evidente, usarás going to

Decisiones, ofrecimiento y promesas: Siempre que sea en positivo o negativo. (si es pregunta usarás Shall I o Shall we)


Shall I and Shall we (Offer and suggestion)

Para ofrecimiento o sugerencia pero solo se usa de manera interrogativa, aunque no se toma como pregunta.

    Shall we dance?               # Bailamos?

    - It's hot
    - Shall I open the window?    # Aunque ves una pregunta, es un anuncio conforme ya abres tu la ventana. Del estilo, ya abro yo la ventana.